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Center reading space of the Bibliotheque Nationale The Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris, France, is known for its grand collection of international printed material. Founded by Charles V (1368), the building underwent multiple revisions and renovations throughout history. With over ten million titles, the collection contains a variety of prints from arts, law, economics, language, literature, science, technology, humanities, philosophy and more. The library also contains over 5,000 Greek manuscripts. The 19,000 square-foot library is constructed with several materials. Masonry, iron, terra-cotta and steel create the composition of the building. Its neoclassical exterior impression emphasizes order, and a sense of government power. The heavy horizontal cladding axes are complimented by the vertical nature of the arcade. With a play of depth on the facade, the skin is further defined by the writing on the walls. All these elements contribute to the envelope system which ...

Nott Memorial Library History Union colleges Nott Memorial is one of the great time pieces of American higher education. It is a rounded shape 16 sided building located in Schenectady New York. The Nott occupies what was envisioned about 200 years ago, plans were drawn up by Joseph Ramee, a French architect and Eliphalte Nott, Unions president from the years 1804-1886. According to Notts, the original purpose of the memorial was for it to be an alumni hall, but that idea was later forgotten and the function became unknown. Construction begun in 1858, unknowing of what the building function will be. Paul Venable turner, and emeritus art professor said it was probably intended to serve as a "chapel of some sort", based on a sketch found of what the architected wanted the building to look like, which essentially was a recreation of the pantheon [1]. Months before construction could be finished on Not, money ran out and construction had to stop. Nott died, and ...

Bibliotheque Sainte Genvieve is a public and university library in Paris.This is the first time of the library that not change to palace, school or apart of chapel. The building is designed by  Henri Labrouste . The library must be built on a narrow strip of land 85 meters long and 21 wide, located on the top of the Sainte-Geneviève Mountain, overlooking the Pantheon. The construction has spent eight years, the new library being opened in 1851. It leaves the neoclassical style in vogue at the time for large public buildings, for a much more sober and sleek style. It can be defined as neo-Gothic Style. The library is organize by two rows of cast iron arches. The arches are a part of decoration of the library.  The building load support by thin black iron columns. Gallery space is located in the top part of the bookcases. On the facade, no element protrudes and a single and modest door is in the center. The architecture of this one is entered in the masonry of the buil...

Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Egypt): 2002   The Library of Alexandria was one of the largest libraries in the world and part of a research institution called " Mouseion "- which was a place devoted for the muses. This library does not exist anymore. The library started to decline gradually over the course of 800 years. It was accidentally burned by Julius Caesar during his civil war in 48 BC. The ancient library was located two hundred meters from the current library.    The current Bibliotheca Alexandrina was built during the  Ptolemaic dynasty. The Bibliotheca was inaugurated in 2002, it was a commemoration of the ancient library . Supported   by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO)  and  by the former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak. The new library is defined as the world's window on Egypt and vice versa. It’s a library for the new digital age and a center of learning and dialogue.   The...