ARCH162

Emilia Kightley-Sutter The TWA Flight Center in John F. Kennedy Airport in Jamaica Queens, New York was designed by Eero Saarinen was opened in May 1962 just a year after Saarinen died of a brain tumor. The flight center is an example of what post-second world war two tools we had to accomplish mid-twentieth century modern architecture.The client wanted this building to show the spirit of flight and for people who are running to catch a flight to have a strict path of beautiful views within the promenade architectural.  The organic shapes of the flight center were in magnificent scale and the hints of modernism influenced the social atmosphere of the users. Throughout the plan some stylistic features are marble steps, mosaic tiling and thought out furniture design and layout for the travelers. Although the building seemed to be a great win for architecture it was critiqued for its style, size, and function. However the interior and exterior were names a New York City landmark ...

Emilia Kightley-Sutter In 1840 a small town in Germany called Bad Blackenburg took the first steps into forming what is now known as kindergarten. Kindergarten was founded and also designed architecturally by a man named Friedrich Frobel. Although the original building is not functioning as a kindergarten anymore it has been transformed into a museum dedicated to Frobels life. Frobel studied architecture at the Frankfurt University in Frankfurt, Germany. His main concept in inventing kindergarten was to protect and shield children from the misery at the beginning of industrialization. He wanted to protect, educate, and prevent them from horrid working conditions for young people. The original design of the building has been completely renovated but the message of educating children has not been dissolved. The architecture and layout of this kindergarten has a huge role on how the children would behave, adapt, and grow. “ Froebel thought existing construction toys, with their realis...

Emilia Kightley-Sutter After Armour Institute and Lewis Institute merged in 1940, Mies van der Rohe was commissioned to create the new master plan for the future Illinois Institute of Technology campus in Chicago. This master plan was a very large job for Mies, so large he developed the plan for 20 years. This plot of land holds 20 of Mies’ work, making it the biggest concentration of his work in the world. One of these works featured on the campus is the famous Crown Hall which is home to the Illinois Institute of Technology’s college of architecture. Mies’ master plan was formally based on a 24’ by 24’ grid by which he used to determine where building columns would be located, in other words the grid was the structural module. After figuring out the dimensions and square footage of the spaces needed for the campus such as room sizes, drafting rooms, laboratories, and classrooms, the grid length and width was set. This master plan was approached in an unusual way, furniture suc...

Emilia Kightley-Sutter Villa Muller was designed by architect Adolf Loos  was commissioned by Frantisek Muller and his wife Milada Mullerova. It is set in Prague in the Czech Republic. Muller was an engineer and had partial ownership of a construction company, Kaspa and Muller. His company focused on reinforced concrete and progression of building techniques. Loos was a fan of designing concepts that are timeless, and related to the function of the building. During the initial designing of the structure, Loos fell sick and the first architect on the job Karel Lhota helped in designing. Before communists took control of the house, the couple lived freely for 18 years. It was designed in 1930, it was noted as an example of modernist architecture, fusing economy and functionality. The house had a dynamic section with discreet rooms, following the basics of raumplan on the interior and exterior.  This is seen with the multilevel parts of individual spaces, dissolving the pla...

Emilia Kightley-Sutter Steiner’s House is located in a suburb outside Vienna, Austria. The architect Adolf Loos’ career really kicked off after he designed and constructed the Steiner House since this layout was widely accepted compared to his earlier work. It was a prime example of rational architecture, he starts with main volumes and follows the regulations of classical architecture and building codes. Loos had to keep strict planning adjustments in mind while forming a concept for this house. There were rigid building codes, such as only being allowed once facade facing the street and a window being built into a sloping roof. This building signified modern architecture to other architects in the 1920’s and 30’s, the structure also proved Loos as a distinct modern architect within and outside the city of Vienna. The Steiner House was designed for painter Lily Steiner and her husband Hugo, the main plan was to maximize spatial elements without disturbing building regulations. One f...

ELEPHANT AND RHINOCEROS PAVILION LONDON ZOO, REGENTS PARK In the London Borough of Westminster, the Greater London Authority county there is an animal hour, designed in 1961 by Sir Hugh Casson, Neville Conder and Peter Shepherd which houses elephants and rhinoceros. It is made from reinforced concrete, surrounded by textured walls to prevent the animals actually rubbing against them, and injuring themselves or the structure. The copper roofs give an industrial feel and contrast the rubbed texture on the walls.  The walls are so thick they can withstand the force of an elephant “head-butt.” The zoo alike many zoos gives a sense of fake naturalism, with its looped moat and varying sized elliptical cavities. Mappin Terraces create the illusion of elephants or rhinoceros clumping their heads together, it is unknown if that was Casson’s intention or not. This design feature shows the buildings function through its design and gives audience members a sneak peek of what is to come ins...

COLLEGIATE GOTHIC- PRINCETON UNIVERSITY Collegiate Gothic is a modern time form of Gothic Revival design, mostly applied in Canada and America. It became popular in the late 1800s and early 1900s in high schools and historic, wealthy colleges. The inspiration comes from old European Gothic buildings and mimics styles elements of the Gothic just for show without function. It has a purpose of implying history although the outside ornament was for show and not aged throughout the years. In 1924 Princeton University Chapel began construction after the original one burned to the ground, the chapel seats close to 2,000 people and was built approximately 200 years after Gothic style architecture faded out of style. It finished construction in 1928 and has had several renovations since, including one in 2002 which cost the institution $10 million.  Although this building was constructed for modern needs, the Gothic style predominates all, it is picturesque and dramatic. This build...

Inconvenient spread out plan CHÂTEAU DE MONTMUZARD Le Chateau de Montmuzard was a union of Greek and French style, and is partially destroyed located in Dijon, Cote-d’Or. The castle today remains in the middle of the forested park of 3 hectares, which is privately owned. Initially, the castle had a rough time getting finished- the original owner Claude-Philibert Fyot de la Walk died in 1768, just three years after the architect, Charles de Wailly began constructing the chateau. At the time De Wailly wasn’t well known, so it was unusual he was commissioned for such a large project, set in a vast area which was 72 hectares for a parliamentarian. He was inspired by geometric perfection: a circle. He aspired for a building shaped as a temple, with a circle and dome at the center of the action. After the politicians death he went into extreme dept, his lucky son inherited the project and finished the castle in 1769. He, Jean-Phillippe, was the first President of the Parliament o...

Garden  Paths of Hameau de la Reine vs. Versaille Marie Antoinette  had this cute little village called Hameau de la Reine built for her, which imitated the lives of lesser fortunate people. It created the illusion that Le Petit Trianon was hidden in the countryside- this put the icing on the cake for her rural retreat- Rather it being on the grand Palace of Versailles grounds.  It was a return to nature and the vernacular, a less ordinate and stressful way of living. She took over villages and played alongside the common people and pretended to be starving to really get an authentic rustic feel with her privileged friends. She was really a young woman dedicated to her character. The built farms took 5  years to ultimately complete (in 1788) and removed extra ornament and played a revolutionary role in the progression of architecture. The farms weren’t supposed to wow viewers but instead provided charm and authentic appeal to the eye. Such model farms were...

LE PETIT TRIANON Built by Ange-Jacques Gabriel for Louis ⅩⅤ, the Petit Trianon at Versailles, France is a reaction to the excessive nature of Baroque and Rococo architecture. The "modest" fixture is set on the Grand Trianon grounds and was built for the King and his mistress to spend some time alone together... away form their royal life.  Their main activity being watching a nearby farm. The farm was there to be their main form of attaining food since they’re so awfully far from the main palace of Versaille. Unfortunately his mistress never saw the completed palace as she died four years before completion in 1768. It was later gifted to 19 year old Marie Antoinette. Marie Antoinette used Le Petit Trianon  to escape her hardships as queen, and to avoid and confrontation. To make sure to be undisturbed she utilized the order of the Queen  that no one was allowed at the chateau. She was under criticism from her family and citizens of the country for her questio...