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                          New Lanark was previously owned by David dale and Richard Arkwright, who were Englishman already famous for industrializing cotton spinning south of the border. In 1786 David Dale took sole control and four mills in full operation. For his workforce he turned first to children. Out of a total workforce in 1793 of some 1,150, over 800 were children, many from the orphanages of Edinburgh and Glasgow. Their working day began at 6.00am and continued until 7.00pm. On 1 January 1800, Robert Owen took over the management of David Dale's cotton mills at New Lanark and put into practice the ideas that he had developed earlier in his life and his workers at New Lanark were made to adopt new living, working, sanitary, educational and other standards. New Lanark had a population of 2,000 people, 500 of whom were young children from the poorhouses and charities of Edinburgh and Glasgow. Over the f...

The Saint-Michel Fountain was part of the urban planning project planned by Baron Haussmann, who commissioned architect Gabriel Davioud to create a new monumental fountain to mask a blind wall. St Michel Fountain is located on Place Saint-Michel by the River Seine, in the Latin Quarter. Gabriel based the centerpiece of a bronze Saint Michael, with a bronze statue. The square is a traditional meeting spot for students from the nearby Sorbonne University and other colleges. It is indeed associated with the riots of May 1968 when the students gathered there and declared it an “independent state” in the face of tear gas and police. St Michel Fountain was built against the gable wall of a building that overlooks the square and Pont St-Michel, It was unveiled in August 15, 1860. The architects Davioud, Flament, Simonet and Halo contributed to the fountain's design. Nine sculptors created its lavish architectural and sculptural features that turn it into a perfect illustration of n...

Bank Of England      Established in 1694 the Bank of England, it is the second oldest central bank in operation today. The Bank of England is the world's 8th oldest bank. It was established to act as the English Government's banker and is still one of the bankers for the Government of the United Kingdom.In 1998, it became an independent public organization, wholly owned by the Treasury Solicitor. England's crushing defeat by France, the dominant naval power, in naval engagements culminating in the 1690 Battle of Beachy Head became the catalyst for England's rebuilding itself as a global power. The Bank's original home was in Walbrook, a street in the City of London, where during reconstruction in 1954 archaeologists found the remains of a Roman temple of Mithras. Sir Herbert Baker's rebuilding of the Bank, demolishing most of Sir John Soane's earlier building, was described by architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner as "The greatest architectu...

PANTHEON    In the early 1760's several Noblemen and persons of Fashion had stated, that a place of public entertainment was wanted for the Winter Season similar to that of Ranelagh for the Summer. The Pantheon designed by James Wyatt opened in 1772. He was to become one of the most prominent British architects of his generation, but at that time he was unknown and aged just twenty-two. The Pantheon, was a place of public entertainment on the south side of Oxford Street in London England. The main rotunda had a central dome which was said to be reminiscent of the Pantheon in Rome. The main part of the site consisted of two rectangles of land, the smaller of these was towards Oxford Street. The masquerades and concerts which took place there were at first extremely successful, but in the 1780's the popularity of the Pantheon declined.  The Pantheon has gone through many changes within its time period. After the destruction of the King's Theatre in the Haymarket i...

Giovanni Battista Piranesi Giovanni Battista Piranesi, born in 1720, was truly inspired by Ancient Roman architecture. Giovanni moved from Venice to Rome to continue his work in etchings, at the age of 20. Piranesi studied architecture, engineering and stage design. He was the son of a stonemason and builder, and first studied drawing with his uncle who was an engineer. Piranesi found in it an outlet for all his interests, from designing fantastic complexes of buildings that could exist only in dreams. Giovanni was considered one of the greatest printmakers of the eighteenth century. Piranesi also received a thorough background in perspective construction and stage design, he considered himself as an architect.The Round Tower from 'Carceri D'invenzione' (Imaginary Prisons), 1749–1750 captured Giovanni’s eye. These etchings were issued as a collection of fourteen, but he reworked the series significantly as a set of sixteen in 1761. The fourteen plates ...