ARCH162

The Iron Bridge is a bridge across the River Severn in Shropshire, England. It is opened in 1781. It was the world's first bridge made of cast iron and to make this material become popular after construction due to the use of new materials in next century.It also showed the great result of Industrial Revolution after 1760.  Even though the time is in the  Industrial Revolution, but it still in the beginning .Construction technique ,mining skill, and smelting skill were not maturity.  The site is close to the ferry between Madeley and Benthall, because it is close to both sides and the ground is relatively strong. The Parliamentary Act describes how to build a bridge near Samuel Barnett from a point of view of the Benthal Parish, near a place on the other side of the Tomask-Rupton house. Masonry and abutments were built between 1777 and 1778. In the summer of 1779 the ribs were lifted into place by the use of wooden jibs and cranes. The bridge first cro...

Bibliotheque Sainte Genvieve is a public and university library in Paris.This is the first time of the library that not change to palace, school or apart of chapel. The building is designed by  Henri Labrouste . The library must be built on a narrow strip of land 85 meters long and 21 wide, located on the top of the Sainte-Geneviève Mountain, overlooking the Pantheon. The construction has spent eight years, the new library being opened in 1851. It leaves the neoclassical style in vogue at the time for large public buildings, for a much more sober and sleek style. It can be defined as neo-Gothic Style. The library is organize by two rows of cast iron arches. The arches are a part of decoration of the library.  The building load support by thin black iron columns. Gallery space is located in the top part of the bookcases. On the facade, no element protrudes and a single and modest door is in the center. The architecture of this one is entered in the masonry of the buil...

     The Crystal Palace was an iron and glass building, designed for the World’s fair in 1851. It held the Great Exhibition which consisted of over 14,000 exhibitioners, whom fell under four main categories - Machinery, Raw Materials, Manufacturers and Fine Arts. Many different countries were represented within its massive 990,000 sq/ft display space. Almost half of the exhibitions were non-British with France sending 1,500, and America nearly 1,000. Some of the American displays included artificial legs, dentures, chewing tobacco, Colt’s repeating pistol, and the McCormick’s Reaper harvester. British displays included hydraulic presses, steam engines, and cotton spinning machines. Original Structure and Grounds When the competition first went public the board received over 250 designs in the first three weeks, all of which were rejected. A design was then received which was low in cost, and efficient to construct given there was only eight months until ...

Les Halles was a wholesale food market in 12th century Paris, France. In the mid to late 18th century the circular Halle aux Bles (Corn Exchange), designed by Nicolas Le Camus de Mezieres was built. The structure was later made a rotunda with the addition of a dome. The addition of ten pavilions, which created a large scale covered market, was a project commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III. Then newly recognized as Halles Centrales, the project was part of the remodeling of Paris in the mid 1800’s. The original design was for six classical buildings of masonry construction, however Napoleon wanted the project to be larger in scale and constructed in Iron to display Frances industrial power.  The rectangular structures were laid out on a grid, and connected by broad streets all of which except one were covered. Iron columns served two purposes; on the interior, they supported clerestory walls which rose above the eaves of the pavillions, and on the exterior, as downpipes for ra...