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As part of the School of Drama at Yale University, the Yale Repertory Theatre was created in 1966 under the leadership of Dean Robert Brustein. This theater created a connection between a conservatory and professional setting. It was also a way for Brustein to show that there was a group of artists around. His dream of this thus led to an emerging field of nonprofit theaters. Brustein chose to create the space in order to emphasize the production of new plays and classics in theater. This still remains as the focal point of the theater to this day. The Yale Repertory Theatre resides on the site of the former Calvary Baptist Church. This church was created in 1846 and then later on became the repertory theater for Yale University. Later the administrators declared that the exterior of the theater did not match the interior and thus it was decided that it was in need of a renovation. Architects and engineers from WJE associates worked together with masons from Universal Preservation...

The Saint-Michel Fountain was part of the urban planning project planned by Baron Haussmann, who commissioned architect Gabriel Davioud to create a new monumental fountain to mask a blind wall. St Michel Fountain is located on Place Saint-Michel by the River Seine, in the Latin Quarter. Gabriel based the centerpiece of a bronze Saint Michael, with a bronze statue. The square is a traditional meeting spot for students from the nearby Sorbonne University and other colleges. It is indeed associated with the riots of May 1968 when the students gathered there and declared it an “independent state” in the face of tear gas and police. St Michel Fountain was built against the gable wall of a building that overlooks the square and Pont St-Michel, It was unveiled in August 15, 1860. The architects Davioud, Flament, Simonet and Halo contributed to the fountain's design. Nine sculptors created its lavish architectural and sculptural features that turn it into a perfect illustration of n...

 Fisher Fine Arts Library (Furness Library) of University of Pennsylvania , Frank Furness, (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania); 1888-1890; 18 th -19 th Century Architecture in America Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts , in Philadelphia (PA) is the oldest art academy and museum in the United States, founded 1805. Specializing in American painting and sculpture of the 18th to the 20th century, the Academy’s Art Museum was built between 1872 and 1876 according to designs by architect Frank Furness. The building’s architectural style is high Victorian. For its centennial year (1976), which coincided with the U.S. Bicentennial, the museum underwent a complete renovation. A 12,000-volume library of art history focuses primarily on American painting and sculpture. The Building Located on the campus of the University of Pennsylvania, this historic library, built from red sandstone and brownstone, was designed to...

Les Halles was a wholesale food market in 12th century Paris, France. In the mid to late 18th century the circular Halle aux Bles (Corn Exchange), designed by Nicolas Le Camus de Mezieres was built. The structure was later made a rotunda with the addition of a dome. The addition of ten pavilions, which created a large scale covered market, was a project commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III. Then newly recognized as Halles Centrales, the project was part of the remodeling of Paris in the mid 1800’s. The original design was for six classical buildings of masonry construction, however Napoleon wanted the project to be larger in scale and constructed in Iron to display Frances industrial power.  The rectangular structures were laid out on a grid, and connected by broad streets all of which except one were covered. Iron columns served two purposes; on the interior, they supported clerestory walls which rose above the eaves of the pavillions, and on the exterior, as downpipes for ra...

Fonthill Abbey was a large Gothic Revival home built in the country. The abbey was designed for William Beckford, and piqued the curiosities of the public. Beckford tragically lost his wife during childbirth. After this he traveled Europe ending up in England even though he had been exiled due to the accusation of adultery [4]. He then purchased the Fonthill Estate and after enclosing the grounds in a six-mile long wall (high enough to prevent hunters from chasing foxes and hares on his property), he then decided to have the Gothic Cathedral constructed as his home.Since the estate was closed to visitors under the ownership of Beckford, when it was placed on the market, it received over 600 visitors per day. The Architect designed by James Wyatt who was known to miss client meetings, and not supervise construction, inevitably delaying construction (sometimes by years). Beckford seemed to have no issue with Wyatts absences as it gave him more control of the grand project.This did not ...

The Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, Henri Labrouste, (Paris, France); 1843-1850; Early 19 th Century Architecture in Europe Among the most extraordinary spatial creations in European architecture, Henri Labrouste’s libraries are one of the few that marked a turning point for the era, and have been touchstones for library design ever since. Labrouste sought to create an immersive environment of study and reflection in the midst of the city. The Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève was admired as much for its efficient solutions to the issues of nascent library science—including layout, flow of readers and books, and space and light-, but also for its role of knowledge and information in modern society. The Library The Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève is the first self-contained public library fitted out within an ornate structure. Its facades are mainly decorated with a seemingly endless list of names, forming a catalog of writers and leaders in all domains of inte...