Villa Savoye, (Paris, France); 1928-31; Paris, France R. He

Villa Savoye located in Poissy, Paris, France. Designed by the architects of the Swiss architect Le Corbusier and his cousin Pierre Jeannaré. The building has used reinforced concrete to construct from 1928 to 1931.

The Villa Savoye was originally designed as a sanctuary for the Savoye family in the countryside. It was no longer used since 1940 and was left unpaired during the Second World War. In 1958, it became a national property of France. Although it was repeatedly planned to be dismantled, it was still protected as a monument of French history in 1965. From 1985 to 1997, it was completely refurbished. It is now under the management of the National Monument Center and is open to visitors throughout the year. 2016 is listed as a World Heritage Site.

The villa has practiced Le Corbusier's five point of constructions put forward in “Towards New Architec
ture”, which represents the foundation of the modern architectural concept and is the most famous piece of internationalist architecture.

• Lift the building over pilotis: Building are supported by columns rather than walls. That can lift the interior space to make more volume for ground floor to develop new functions.

• Free designing of the ground plan: A building use column to become main building support to let partition in free style.
  
   
• The free facade: façade can be any shape and style because function changed (not bearing).
  
   
• The horizontal window: Providing illumination and ventilation for building.
  
   
• The roof garden: A building should give back the space it takes up on the ground by replacing it with a garden in the sky. The concept is about reclaiming the nature in the building.

Unlike the villas in his early design town, the Villa Savoye has no buildings surrounded on the site. Thus, Le Corbusier gained the opportunity to design his concept according to the sunshine in all four directions. He set up the entrance hall, a ramp upstairs, stairs, garage, driver and servant's room on the first floor. On the second floor ,there are the master's bedroom, the son's bedroom, the guest's bedroom, the kitchen, the living room and the roof garden. The living room faces to the southeast, the roof garden faces to the east, the son's bedroom faces to the northwest, and the kitchen and auxiliary rooms face to the southwest. On the third floor (roof) there is a solarium.

The plan is designed based on the golden section ratio, which is divided into 16 parts that are slightly longer than the square, and subdivided near the entrance and other locations. The layout is based on this division.

In "Towards New Architecture", Corbusier said that "cars are things that have a single function (for walking) and multiple goals (comfort, durability, appearance, etc.)”. The villa is in a country house and is located on the country side of Paris and must be reached by car. Understanding the inspiration of the car's mobility to fully understand the building. The vehicle can be driven into the overhead part of the villa, and even an arc of the exterior wall is determined by the minimum turning radius of the car. After entering the overhead part of the building, the passengers got out of the front door and the driver continued to park it forward into the garage; passengers went directly to the hall through a hallway.

The four pillars in the hall lead visitors to the slopes inside the villa. This slope can be seen almost anywhere in the villa. You can reach from the first floor to the second floor until the solarium on the third floor along this slope. In his career life, Corbusier has been trying to sacred and inhabit the behavior of his inhabitants. Even cleaning and dining are placed in special positions to emphasize their importance. A pool was set up in the lobby of the Savoy House to emphasize “washing” , while the slope on the roof emphasized the “health effects of sunlight”.

The one-story overhead column that supports the second floor. On both sides, the column and the outer wall of the second floor are on the same plane to provide the support and the thick feeling of the outer wall; while on the front and rear sides, it is slightly retreated. Emphasize the perception of the house facade in the horizontal direction. In addition, two small pillars were added to the design to support the two-story long windows. Although the positions of these two pillars and an external pillar are close to each other, due to the perspective, these two pillars appear to be more inward.

The Villa Savoye uses a horizontal strip window, which was also used in the early works of Corbusier. Unlike other architects of his time, Corbusier prefers to use wooden windows instead of metal windows. This may be because the glass in the timber window recedes slightly from the outer wall, so that the entire wall looks like it consists of several parallel planes.