Trinity Church, Boston, Massachussetts; 1872-1877; 18th and 19th Century Architecture in America

Trinity Church, Boston, Massachussetts; 1872-1877; 18th and 19th Century Architecture in America


Trinity Church was constructed by four men in Boston, Massachusetts. The church was built in 1872 through 1877 by Henry Hobson Richardson (Wieneke, "Victorian Architecture: Trinity Church"). This was Henry's first essentially recognized project, as he was the lead architect in this design. The approach of this structure was constructed with a  Romanesque characteristic, which has both French and Spanish styles (O'Gorman, pg 12). It is significant for establishing Richardsonian Romanesque Architecture, which focuses attention on demonstrating structures as clear and strong massing.  The distinctive approach of Richardson was inspired from the period of the Romans, but it also demonstrated his original and adaptive techniques. This style began to flourish immediately throughout history in many cities in the country. Henry's interpretation of the Romanesque genre went on to influence the upcoming generation of American architects. Architects whom he influenced included Louis Sullivan, and the notable architect Frank Lloyd Wright. 
 Towards the end of the year 1874, the first chapel was completely built. This is where  the congregation conducted their Sunday school service while the remainder of the church carried on development. When a large amount of the exterior was completed, builders began to lay out the cornerstone for the structure. This occurred about six months after building began construction. Although it was completed in 1876, the church was unable to be habited because the interior still lacked furnishings and décor. Jogn La Farge was the responsible artist for finishing the interior so that the church could finally open in Spring of 1877 (O'Gorman, pg 18). Much later, in 2005 the church underwent a necessary extension, which help keep the integrity of its originality and uniqueness. 
 Furthermore, the Richardsonian distinctive characteristics is influenced highly by rusticated rock faces. This influential style, advocated by Henry, is recognized by specific materials that include clay and stone.  Structures are notable for their massive projecting towers and bulky arches, and continued to impact future architecture in the United States.  In the exterior, the façade has strong structural details made of a contrasting stone, such as the arches and lintels (Wieneke, "Victorian Architecture: Trinity Church"). The style incorporates certain areas which remain transparent in articulation. The window have a massive feel contributed by the deep frame and wrought iron elements, which are used as accessories to beautify the appearance. Previously, the window were just clear glass, and later then turned into extraordinary stained glass (Kane, "A Brief History of Trinity Church Boston"). The bays in the structure were designed in a round shape to project, accompanied by circular sharped ends. The towers stand out with their square shape and interesting pyramidal tops, emphasizing the Richardsonian style (Wieneke, "Victorian Architecture: Trinity Church"). 
 The use of bold embellishments defined separate parts of the structure. Even the use of colors is a much rather bold choice, with dark tones towards the bottom and bright reds towards the top.  The ground floor façade is accountable for accentuating chevrons giving importance to the entryway of the church. The entire building façade is wrapped with a ribbon of checkerboard pattern, serving as a connector of the lower and upper parts of the structure (Wieneke, "Victorian Architecture: Trinity Church"). Henry distinguished his system of styles and emphasized on form serving as a purpose and possessing functionality. Overall, the architectural style used proportional ratios and a balance of symmetry.

Kane, Ashley. "A Brief History of Trinity Church, Boston". The Culture Tip. https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/massachusetts/articles/a-brief-history-of-trinity-church-boston/

Wieneke, Dave. "Victorian Architecture: Trinity Church". Boston History and Architecture. http://www.iboston.org/mcp.php?pid=trinityChurch

O'Gorman, James F. Makers Of Trinity Church In City Boston. University of Massachusetts, 2004. 

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