Steiner House; Vienna, Austria; 1910; Early 20th Century Pioneers

Steiner House; Vienna, Austria; 1910; Early 20th Century Pioneers



              The Steiner house was constructed for Lilly Steiner, a painter, and her husband Hugo Steiner. It was built in Vienna, a suburban area of Austria. The Steiner house is well known for its modern design and became a significant example of early 20th century architecture. It was designed by Adolf Loos, which enabled him to establish a reputation and helped recognize him as a modern architect outside of Vienna (Author, "Steiner House: Adolf Loos."). Loos, was the architect whom was determined to continue the project despite any issues brought up by the design. The problems were introduced from the location of the site and from external constraints, such as building codes which were not met at the time. 
             The building served as an additive part, filling in spaces between the street and existing garden. The four story house is covered with a curved roof, which was only allowed to be designed on the street side façade. The exterior served as a public space, which is why he chose the make the exterior materials to be bare. Interior spaces placed adjacent to small and large environments are contained by a single roof. These spaces were more private and reflected the architect's style  (Abache, "Steiner House, Vienna: Adolf Loos 1910"). The walls located on each side of the structure were constructed to different heights and near contrasting environments. On the other hand, the garden towards the front is systematic with classical and symmetrical order. The semi circular roof, sheathed in metal, signifies transition between the entry garden and facades. 
               As we focus towards the rear of the building, the elevation is made up of windows that are not as organized as the front. The windows are irregular and vary in sizes and height, mirroring the program behind the openings. Adolf approached his designs focusing on the story each space told. He thought of the spaces with rational understanding, resulting of a free composition of planes and volumes (Author, "Steiner House: Adolf Loos."). The advanced modern design was so successful that it was adopted in future contemporary architecture and help transition into Rationalism. Some approaches incorporated include functionality, removing the focus on ornamental elements, spatial economy, flat surface use near green spaces, reducing exterior design to bare façade. All of these things are incorporated in Adolf's works and influenced an artistic revolution during the postwar era (Abache, "Steiner House, Vienna: Adolf Loos 1910"). Focusing on these parts, anticipate the evolution of how we have interpreted their limits, which leave the topic unexplored. Adolf's design successfully addresses form as function. Some critics believe that the house is a mix of classism and Anglo Saxon domesticity, which join to serve together and continuously (Gravagnuolo, pg139). The only key thing missing in the design is the use of traditional abstraction. These details include removing ornamentation from the exterior walls or the use of material in the curved roof, although it was adopted from local landmarks. 
                  In summary, the building is generally all over the place, but with symmetrical composition of openings in the garden towards the front. A relationship is created between volumes derived from two bodies used to construe the outgoing centralized wall. Adolf's work is very analytical and innovative, playing a direct reflection of history. 
                 



              Abache, Ludwig. "Steiner House, Vienna: Adolf Loos 1910"  Galinsky: People Enjoying Buildings Worldwide. http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/steiner/index.htm
                   Author, Unknown. "Steiner House: Adolf Loos." Wikiarquitectura.
https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/steiner-house/
                   Gravagnuolo, Benedetto.   Adolf Loos: Theory and Works. Art Data Interactive, Incorporated. August 01, 1995. 




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